A pioneer of cinematic war reporting: Dyordye Dyoka Bogdanović

When the Second Balkan War broke out 100 years ago in 1913, an ambitious entrepreneur from Serbia made a remarkable decision: Dyordye Dyoka Bogdanović sent two camera operators out to the theatres of war.

Driven by strong patriotism, he first and foremost wanted to honour the Serbian armed forces by capturing their fighting using moving images. In doing so, Bogdanović established a new form of war reporting.

Dyoka Bogdanović was no newcomer to cinema.

Born to a lawyer’s family in 1860, he set up Belgrade’s first movie theatres in 1905.

The experiences of the First Balkan War (1912–1913) led to his idea to re-enact Serbian victories for the camera. In order to realise this plan, Bogdanović contracted two camera operators who were working for the Vienna outpost of Pathé, Europe’s leading producer of newsreels. In the midst of the filming preparations, in June 1913, Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece, thus unleashing the Second Balkan War.

Bogdanović immediately understood that this was his chance to film real combat operations instead of re-enacted ones. He decided to abandon his original plans and send his camera operators to the front. During the month of July, the men – whose names are unknown even today – shot footage of battles, of devastated villages, of war victims, of prisoners of war, and of soldiers in their everyday life.

Out of this footage, Bogdanović quickly compiled a number of short documentaries and newsreels. These films are noteworthy not only because few other moving images of the Second Balkan War exist, but also because they rank among the earliest cinematic recordings showing soldiers in action in real war situations.

As part of the EFG1914 project, the Jugoslovenska Kinoteka has made some of these silent films available on the European Film Gateway.

Pukovnik Nedic u borbi - Battle of the Black Stone

One of them, Pukovnik Nedić u borbi (Battle of the Black Stone), shows an artillery unit in various parts of its mission.

Vojska na Banjici - Life of Serbian Soldiers in Banyitsa Army Camp

Another, Vojska na Banjici (Life of Serbian Soldiers in Banyitsa Army Camp), is remarkable for depicting soldiers performing a folk-dance in their free time.

Several other silent films by Dyoka Bogdanović are available on Europeana and on the European Film Gateway:

• Grambergova bolnica pri radu - Gramberg's Military Hospital
• Njegovo Visočanstvo Prestolonaslednik Aleksandar na Crnom Vrhu - His Royal Highness Crown Prince Aleksandar at the Black Peak
• Dolazak Regruta - Arrival of Recruits
• Zakletva regruta Vradarskog puka - Oath of Vradar's Regiment soldiers
• Dolazak 4. konjičkog puka u Beograd i doček na železničkoj stanici - Return of 4th regiment from the battlefield
• Bugarski zarobljenici u beogradskom donjem gradu - Bulgarian Prisoner of War in Belgrade

When World War I broke out in 1914, Bogdanović took up war reporting again.

In cooperation with a Russian-born journalist, Sampson Tchernoff, he went to the front himself and filmed, among other things, Serbian troops in the Syrmia region. However, suffering from a serious injury he'd received in 1913 while filming near Crni Vrh, he died at the end of 1914 in Niš, having witnessed only the first few weeks of the conflict.